{"id":265,"date":"2024-04-26T20:11:55","date_gmt":"2024-04-26T20:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kevinforsyth.net\/ELMAC\/?p=265"},"modified":"2025-10-13T17:45:51","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T17:45:51","slug":"womens-building","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kevinforsyth.net\/ELMAC\/womens-building\/","title":{"rendered":"The Women\u2019s Building \u2014 Morrill Hall (1900\u20132013)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
The Women\u2019s Building, circa 1934. Note the balustrades on the porch and main roof. Image source: MSU Physical Plant.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Women were first admitted to the Michigan Agricultural College in 1870, ten in that first year.†<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

They were housed in the first floor of the new Williams Hall<\/a> dormitory, but only for a year, after which the hall was assigned exclusively to men. As a result, none of the original ten completed a degree at M.A.C. In the years that followed many more women submitted applications, but most were rejected due to the lack of housing accommodation. Only local residents (such as Mary Merrill) or those with direct family connections at the College (such as Jessie Beal) were admitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By 1895, only twenty-one women had graduated from the agricultural course,††<\/a><\/sup> and in the eyes of Mary Anne Bryant Mayo (1845\u20131903), this was hardly sufficient. In a lengthy address to the Michigan Grange, Mrs. Mayo wrote, \u201cThinking parents of today are anxious that their daughters shall be as thoroughly trained for the practical work of their lives as are their sons.\u201d Her eloquence inspired the Grange to ask for a women\u2019s course at the College.1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Department of Domestic Science, more commonly known as the \u201cWomen\u2019s Course,\u201d debuted in 1896 and was initially ensconced in Abbot Hall<\/a>. Classroom subjects included cooking, sewing, human nutrition, household management, home nursing, and house architecture; these were later augmented with dietetics, color and design, food manufacture, and institutional management. A third of the required work was in mathematics, chemistry, botany, physics, anatomy, and entomology, though these sciences were gradually reduced in emphasis.2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The course was exceedingly popular, and enrollment soon outstripped the capacity of its location. Therefore in 1899 the Legislature appropriated $95,000 for a new \u201cWomen\u2019s Building,\u201d an \u201cunexpectedly generous\u2026 sum equal to a third of the inventory value of all the buildings and tool-sheds on the campus and, unbelievably, ten per cent above the Board\u2019s request.\u201d3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Begun in 1899 and ready for occupancy at the opening of the fall term the following year, the new building in Neo-Classical style was constructed of red brick and Lake Superior red sandstone, with a pediment and cornice painted white for contrast. It was formally dedicated on October 25, 1901. As originally designed by Pratt & Koeppe of Bay City, \u201cthe building was to be symmetrical with regard to the central entrance; but the sudden rise in the price of building materials made it necessary to lop off the north wing, that the appropriations not run short.\u201d A stand of evergreens was planted to conceal the asymmetry.4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Sewing class in the Women’s Building, 1901. Image source: Kuhn<\/a>, p. 198a.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The grand, if lopsided, edifice held dormitory rooms for one hundred twenty students, cooking and sewing laboratories, music rooms, a woodshop, a two-story gymnasium, and a dining hall on the third floor. To the east, a low tamarack swamp was drained and turned into a vegetable garden for use as an outdoor classroom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The building\u2019s name, if it in fact had one at first, generated a kind of tacit consternation. Dr. Kedzie<\/a> recommended that it be named in honor of Sen. Justin Morrill (see below<\/a>), who had recently passed away, and it seems likely that this suggestion was taken to heart by the Board. However, during the entire time that it served as a women\u2019s dormitory it was listed in official descriptions as the Women\u2019s Building. Perhaps the intent was to burke the wit of any wiseacre male students who would inevitably find humor in a female residence called \u201cMorrill.\u201d Those same students, according to Kuhn, called it \u201c\u2018The Coop,\u2019 no doubt because their \u2018chicks\u2019 lived there.\u201d5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Women\u2019s enrollment expanded steadily over the years, resulting in the department\u2019s elevation as the Division of Home Economics in 1909, a return of women to Abbot Hall<\/a> in 1920, a separate Home Economics<\/a> building in 1924, and a new dormitory, Mary Mayo Hall, in 1931. The division\u2019s growth even resulted in a number of extension services, such as the annual Farm Women\u2019s Week, introduced by State Home Demonstration leader Louise H. Campbell in 1926. During the first summer session \u201ctwo hundred women lived in Morrill Hall while attending lectures on home management, health, citizenship, and farm economics.\u201d6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When Sarah Langdon Williams Hall was completed in 1937, Morrill Hall was converted to house exclusively classrooms, laboratories, and offices. Several departments were then moved in from other buildings, including English, History, and Religious Studies. It was at this time that \u201cthe name \u2018Morrill Hall\u2019 was affirmed.\u201d7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Senator J. S. Morrill.
Image source: www.HistoricVermont.org<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Justin Smith Morrill (1810\u20131898), while serving as U.S. Representative from Vermont, was the chief sponsor of the Land Grant Act of 1862. Commonly known as the Morrill Act today, this legislation was based on the model of the Michigan Agricultural College and enabled each state to create an institution of higher learning \u201cin order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life.\u201d A second bill in 1890, sponsored by then-Senator Morrill, established an annual cash subsidy of $25,000 for each college created with the original land grants, as the initial endowments were starting to be depleted. The second Land Grant Act also stipulated that segregated states must designate a separate land-grant institution for persons of color; many of today\u2019s HBCUs were founded as a result of this act. Justin Morrill is quite rightly known as the \u201cfather of the land-grant institutions,\u201d and more than a dozen buildings have been named for him at land-grant schools around the nation.†††<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Front porch of Morrill Hall, showing the decades of erosion to its red sandstone elements. Sand has pooled in the corners of the steps, and at least two balusters are missing from the railing. What appears to be a diagonal crack in the left-hand column is actually a runner of ivy, itself an agent of erosion. Autumn 1992. Photo by Kevin S. Forsyth.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

By the 1990s, Morrill Hall was showing its age. For one thing, choice of building materials, while appropriate from a state pride point of view, was ill-advised. The red sandstone, quarried near the shores of Lake Superior, proved to be highly porous and susceptible to severe erosion. Balustrades of this stone that once ran along the rooflines of both the main building and its front porch had been removed long ago. Many of the porch\u2019s other decorative details had melted into dust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morrill Hall, after more than eleven decades of use, is no more. Its interior load-bearing structure consisted of wood framing rather than steel, with a foundation that rested on timber pilings. While adequate one hundred years ago for a residence hall, it was woefully underbuilt for modern office and classroom use. The cost of upgrading the structure\u2014in effect, a complete rebuild from the inside out\u2014was astronomical. For this reason, Morrill Hall was deemed unsalvageable and marked for demolition. The hall\u2019s remaining departments, most of which had resided there since the 1930s, moved out by the end of 2012: English and Religious Studies to the newly expanded third Wells Hall<\/a>; History to the Old Horticulture<\/a> building. Demolition of Morrill Hall took place in May 2013. An open space dubbed Morrill Plaza now fills the site, and Justin S. Morrill’s name has been reapplied to Agriculture Hall<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n

  1. Beal<\/a>, p.\u00a0150.\u00a0Kuhn<\/a>, p.\u00a0220. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. Kuhn<\/a>, pp.\u00a0221\u2013223. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  3. Kuhn<\/a>, p.\u00a0211. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  4. Beal<\/a>, pp.\u00a0105, 275\u2013276.\u00a0Stanford<\/a>, p.\u00a062. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  5. Kuhn<\/a>, p.\u00a0221. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  6. Kuhn<\/a>, p.\u00a0308. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  7. Stanford<\/a>, p.\u00a062.\u00a0Kuhn<\/a>, pp.\u00a0355\u2013356, 366. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>
    1. † <\/a>The first ten women to attend M.A.C. starting in 1870 were:<\/p>\n\n\n\n